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  • Mysterious boot hang on Graviton: mitigated but never root-caused

    calendar Sep 11, 2026 · 10 min read · Linux Bottlerocket  ·
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    I was getting an arm64 build of our Bottlerocket variant ready for production on Graviton EC2 instances. Load tests kept failing at a low rate. Somewhere between 0.3% and 1% of instances froze a few seconds into boot and never came back. The x86_64 build of the same variant has never done this. I never found the root …


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  • What is an ABI? Break one to find out

    calendar Sep 1, 2026 · 11 min read · Linux  ·
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    I used NVIDIA's go-dcgm to read GPU health data and stats. It hardcodes the name of the dynamic library it loads, which looked odd at first and turns out to be good practice. go-dcgm uses cgo, and its initDCGM dlopens the literal string libdcgm.so.4 at runtime: 1func initDCGM(m mode, args ...string) (err error) { 2 …


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  • Counting systemd service restarts: NRestarts and the D-Bus API behind it

    calendar Aug 18, 2026 · 14 min read · Linux systemd  ·
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    A while ago I debugged a resource leak caused by a service stuck in a restart loop. Each restart left a process behind, and after a few minutes the host had over a thousand copies of it. Nothing alerted on the loop itself. We noticed CPU and memory climbing, and only found the restart loop after reading the journal. …


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  • Apply sysctl before systemd: a lesson from reserving ephemeral ports too late

    calendar Aug 1, 2026 · 7 min read · Linux Network Bottlerocket  ·
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    We run an OpenTelemetry Collector (otel-collector) as a systemd service on Bottlerocket. Its Prometheus metrics endpoint was configured on port 51000, which falls inside the default Linux ephemeral port range. On a small portion of EC2 instances, the otel-collector kept restarting, failing to bind with EADDRINUSE. …


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  • Don't hardcode fsync in your library

    calendar Jul 20, 2026 · 5 min read · Containers Linux  ·
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    I recently ran into an issue after upgrading the containerd client library to v2.3.0. The root cause was a change in one of containerd's dependencies, continuity, that started enforcing fsync when copying files. containerd/continuity is a library in containerd that provides filesystem utilities: file copying, directory …


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  • When enforcing OCI image spec broke customer containers

    calendar Jun 11, 2026 · 4 min read · Containers  ·
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    A container platform shipped a change to detect CPU architecture mismatches at image pull time. If an image's config says arm64 but the host is amd64, fail fast instead of letting the container start and die with exec format error. The implementation is correct, tests passed and reviewers approved. However, it caused a …


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  • Why a Trailing Dot in DNS Can Break Your Customers

    calendar Jun 10, 2026 · 5 min read · DNS  ·
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    If you build software that runs in someone else's environment, anything that isn't a SaaS you operate yourself, the following code can break your customers: 1if not hostname.endswith("."): 2 hostname += "." Appending a trailing dot to a domain name before you resolve it feels "more correct" …


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  • How cgo silently disables Go's deadlock detector

    calendar May 4, 2026 · 7 min read · Go  ·
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    I recently ran into a Go test timeout that turned out to be a deadlock. That was surprising because Go has a built-in deadlock detector. The simplest possible deadlock is a goroutine that locks the same mutex twice. Running the following code exits with fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock! as expected. …


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  • Replacing socat with systemd-socket-proxyd

    calendar Mar 30, 2026 · 3 min read · Linux Systemd Bottlerocket  ·
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    Bottlerocket v11.0.0 dropped the socat package from bottlerocket-core-kit (#742). If you had a service that relied on socat to bridge a Unix Domain Socket (UDS) to a TCP port, you need a replacement. This post shows how to use systemd-socket-proxyd instead. Why socat was used soci-snapshotter exposes its metrics …


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  • You probably want to disable cgo: Go's stdlib has pure-Go implementations

    calendar Mar 25, 2026 · 3 min read  ·
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    CGO_ENABLED defaults to 1. That means a standard go build produces a binary that links against C libraries (e.g., glibc) at runtime. For many parts of the Go standard library, there is a C-backed implementation and a pure-Go implementation. CGO_ENABLED selects which one gets compiled in. Pure-Go alternatives also exist …


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Peng Zhang

Software Engineer

Recent Posts

  • Mysterious boot hang on Graviton: mitigated but never root-caused
  • What is an ABI? Break one to find out
  • Counting systemd service restarts: NRestarts and the D-Bus API behind it
  • Apply sysctl before systemd: a lesson from reserving ephemeral ports too late
  • Don't hardcode fsync in your library
  • When enforcing OCI image spec broke customer containers
  • Why a Trailing Dot in DNS Can Break Your Customers
  • How cgo silently disables Go's deadlock detector

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Peng Zhang

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