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  • Leaked empty directories exhaust inodes

    calendar Oct 23, 2026 · 6 min read · Linux container  ·
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    I fixed an issue where new containers failed to launch on a node with "no space left on device". There was free space available, and the issue happened only on a small percentage of nodes. It turned out those nodes churned containers more often than the others, and the failure came from running out of inodes, …


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  • Share one client per service

    calendar Oct 13, 2026 · 6 min read · Go Distributed System  ·
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    I recently dealt with an issue where a service failed occasionally during short throttling windows. The root cause was one I had seen many times before: a process holding multiple clients for the same service. This post walks through the issue, why the bug is rare in Java but common in Go, and how to avoid it. The bug …


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  • Debugging zero disk reads after moving to Bottlerocket

    calendar Oct 6, 2026 · 9 min read · Linux Container Bottlerocket  ·
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    Our container platform moved from Amazon Linux 2 (AL2) to Bottlerocket. Soon after the migration started, a partner team that runs Spark jobs reported a regression. Their jobs still finished successfully, but far more of them reported zero "storage read bytes": about 23% of tasks on AL2, and about 56% on …


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  • When sync.Cond is a better primitive than channels: lessons from Go's HTTP/2 client

    calendar Sep 17, 2026 · 14 min read · Go Concurrency  ·
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    I recently reviewed code that let a dynamic set of goroutines wait for updates from a single writer. Each waiter wanted to block until the writer had published something newer than what it had already seen. The implementation used channels and was hard to follow. A condition variable (sync.Cond) would have been less …


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  • Mysterious boot hang on Graviton: mitigated but never root-caused

    calendar Sep 11, 2026 · 10 min read · Linux Bottlerocket  ·
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    I was getting an arm64 build of our Bottlerocket variant ready for production on Graviton EC2 instances. Load tests kept failing at a low rate. Somewhere between 0.3% and 1% of instances froze a few seconds into boot and never came back. The x86_64 build of the same variant has never done this. I never found the root …


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  • What is an ABI? Break one to find out

    calendar Sep 1, 2026 · 11 min read · Linux  ·
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    I used NVIDIA's go-dcgm to read GPU health data and stats. It hardcodes the name of the dynamic library it loads, which looked odd at first and turns out to be good practice. go-dcgm uses cgo, and its initDCGM dlopens the literal string libdcgm.so.4 at runtime: 1func initDCGM(m mode, args ...string) (err error) { 2 …


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  • Counting systemd service restarts: NRestarts and the D-Bus API behind it

    calendar Aug 18, 2026 · 14 min read · Linux systemd  ·
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    A while ago I debugged a resource leak caused by a service stuck in a restart loop. Each restart left a process behind, and after a few minutes the host had over a thousand copies of it. Nothing alerted on the loop itself. We noticed CPU and memory climbing, and only found the restart loop after reading the journal. …


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  • Apply sysctl before systemd: a lesson from reserving ephemeral ports too late

    calendar Aug 1, 2026 · 7 min read · Linux Network Bottlerocket  ·
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    We run an OpenTelemetry Collector (otel-collector) as a systemd service on Bottlerocket. Its Prometheus metrics endpoint was configured on port 51000, which falls inside the default Linux ephemeral port range. On a small portion of EC2 instances, the otel-collector kept restarting, failing to bind with EADDRINUSE. …


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  • Don't hardcode fsync in your library

    calendar Jul 20, 2026 · 5 min read · Containers Linux  ·
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    I recently ran into an issue after upgrading the containerd client library to v2.3.0. The root cause was a change in one of containerd's dependencies, continuity, that started enforcing fsync when copying files. containerd/continuity is a library in containerd that provides filesystem utilities: file copying, directory …


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  • When enforcing OCI image spec broke customer containers

    calendar Jun 11, 2026 · 4 min read · Containers  ·
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    A container platform shipped a change to detect CPU architecture mismatches at image pull time. If an image's config says arm64 but the host is amd64, fail fast instead of letting the container start and die with exec format error. The implementation is correct, tests passed and reviewers approved. However, it caused a …


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Peng Zhang

Software Engineer

Recent Posts

  • Leaked empty directories exhaust inodes
  • Share one client per service
  • Debugging zero disk reads after moving to Bottlerocket
  • When sync.Cond is a better primitive than channels: lessons from Go's HTTP/2 client
  • Mysterious boot hang on Graviton: mitigated but never root-caused
  • What is an ABI? Break one to find out
  • Counting systemd service restarts: NRestarts and the D-Bus API behind it
  • Apply sysctl before systemd: a lesson from reserving ephemeral ports too late

Tags

LINUX 27 GO 23 BOTTLEROCKET 10 ALGORITHMS 8 CONTAINER 7 INTERVIEW 7 CONCURRENCY 4 SYSTEMD 4 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM 3 GUIDE 3 AWS 2 CONTAINERS 2 SELINUX 2 WEB 2
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Peng Zhang

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